Richard carrington on September 1, 1859 observed an enormous group of spots in the sun . That day was marked by auroras all over the sky and their telegraph machines failed . In the 160-year record of geomagnetic storms, the Carrington event is the biggest .
Similar solar storms happened in 1972 , 1989 affecting the power systems and a small one in 2005 affecting the GPS. But none of these can be compared with the Carrington effect of 1859.
Solar cycle is an average 11 year or 11.6yrs cycle which is observed by the frequency and placement of sunspots visible on the sun.
A solar maximum occurs once in 11 years when the maximum number of sunspots are visible on the sun usually near the equator of the sun. This cycle may sometimes vary, it is not always accurate. The average period is 11 or 11.6 yrs but the variation may be from 9 to 14 years.
If it hits earth, there wont be electricity for days or months, our electric grids will be damaged and the problems will be much more than in 1959 because our generations relies completely on electricity. Our water supply, food supply, banking, satellites, communication systems everything will collapse.
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